TENS at KINETIKA
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) is a non-invasive electrical modality that delivers low-level electrical current through electrode pads placed on the skin. It is one of the most extensively researched physical therapy modalities for pain management, with a well-established mechanism and strong safety profile.
How TENS Modulates Pain
TENS works through two primary neurological mechanisms:
Gate Control (High-Frequency TENS)
At high frequencies (80–120 Hz), TENS activates large-diameter, fast-conducting sensory nerve fibres (Aβ fibres). These fibres synapse in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and inhibit the transmission of pain signals carried by the smaller Aδ and C pain fibres — effectively “closing the gate” to pain at the spinal level. The pain relief is felt almost immediately and lasts for the duration of the stimulation.
Endorphin Release (Low-Frequency TENS)
At low frequencies (2–10 Hz), TENS activates the body’s endogenous opioid system, stimulating the release of beta-endorphins in the dorsal horn and higher brain centres. This produces pain relief that outlasts the treatment — often by several hours. Low-frequency TENS also activates serotonin and noradrenaline pathways, contributing to its efficacy in chronic pain.
Clinical Applications at KINETIKA
- Acute pain management following musculoskeletal injury or surgery
- Chronic low back and neck pain
- Osteoarthritis pain management
- Postoperative pain control
- Neuropathic and nerve pain
- Fibromyalgia and widespread pain syndromes
- Phantom limb pain
What to Expect
TENS produces a tingling sensation — mild at low intensity, stronger as intensity is increased to comfortable therapeutic levels. Most patients find it pleasant or neutral in sensation. Sessions typically last 20–40 minutes. TENS is often used concurrently with other treatment techniques, providing pain relief that enables the patient to participate more comfortably in exercise and manual therapy.
Home TENS
TENS units are available for home use, and at KINETIKA we will guide you on appropriate settings, electrode placement, and frequency of use if home TENS is appropriate for your condition. Used consistently and correctly, home TENS can significantly reduce reliance on analgesic medication for chronic pain management.